March 22, 2016
If you’ve been watching American Crime Story: The People vs OJ Simpson – or reading our recaps — you’re well aware that the show is so excellent in part because it’s tremendously good at transporting the viewer back to mid-90s Los Angeles. From the music supervisors to the lighting designers, everyone was really firing on all all cylinders. And one of my personal favorite aspects of this show is its sets. Whether we’re talking about the inside of Judge Ito’s courtroom, or the French Country shabby chic of Robert Shapiro’s bedroom, they are perfect. So, as you can imagine, we were very pleased to get to exchange some emails with Jeffrey Mossa, the show’s production designer, and Amber Haley, its set decorator, about how they made the magic happen — and how “weird stalker websites helped,” what’s going on with Johnnie’s actual office, and where, exactly, furniture from the 80s and 90s Beverly Hills goes to die.
GFY: Could you give us some background on how you got involved in set/production design? (And what is the difference between the two?)
JEFFREY: I had a passion for drawing from age four. I used to draw Darth Vader, R2D2, and Yoda, and make posters and album covers for my favorite bands. After seeing Raiders of the Lost Ark, I decided I wanted to be Indiana Jones. Since I couldn’t travel back in time and become an archaeologist, and since I knew I was a decent artist, I thought maybe I could work as an artist in movies. When I was in seventh grade, I saw a TV special on Industrial Light and Magic — it showed all the special effects technicians, model makers, and creature technicians from Star Wars, Raiders of the Lost Ark, Ghostbusters, etc. I was hooked. At the time, I thought I wanted to get into special effects. In high school, we had a drama club, but I wanted nothing to do with that. We also had the “Spring Spectacular,” which was essentially a big variety show full of acts from various Broadway musicals. I started designing and building the sets for those freshman year and never looked back. Several of the teachers were impressed with my work ethic. One of them, a counselor that was actually never assigned to me, sought me out and recommended I apply to the Boston University Theatre Design program. I took his advice and began a journey that continues to this day.
As far as the difference between a set designer and production designer, it can vary depending on the medium. For example, in theater, the set designer is the person who (obviously) designs the sets. In film and television, there’s generally a larger scope of work going on, so you need more hands, and a bigger department. So the Production Designer is responsible for the look of all of the sets, set dressing, and props. It’s a huge job and you need a highly skilled and talented team to help you. So the set designer is the person who actually does the working draftings for the sets. We had a few set designers on TPVOJ, but our constant was Betty Krul. Betty is fantastic, she and I have an amazing shorthand, and I trust her. Betty is very talented, so I can trust her to work out the finer details of the set and get them right. This is not always the case, but in a situation where the two positions have a great working relationship, the set designer will definitely contribute to the aesthetic. Just to be clear on what I said earlier, as production designer I am responsible for set dressing and props, but both the prop master and the set decorator bring their aesthetic as well. Amber did an amazing job decorating the sets. We were able to have very brief but important discussions about each set before she shopped them, and we refined them together. Both of these positions are big jobs with big responsibilities.
AMBER: The designer is responsible for the overall look. They come up with the concept for the space. The set decorator, my role, provides all the details (e.g., furniture, drapery, artwork, and all the “stuff” that makes the space look real…i.e,. anything not nailed down). This texture helps provide the backstory of the characters and give life to the set. My mother was an interior designer, so I was exposed to art and aesthetics. I also grew up in La Jolla, California, at a time when it was transitioning from a sleepy beach town into a very affluent area. At an early age, I was able to identify a family’s backstory (old money, new money, renting/owning) and political leaning based on how they furnished their homes. But I kind fell into show business. I was working as a graphic designer for the Golden Door Spa in San Diego. A friend of a friend asked if I wanted to visit his commercial set. I did, and I loved it. That’s when I knew what my passion was. I first worked on a few commercials, then on a movie that came to San Diego. That led to a job in Los Angeles. I had the good fortune of working as a shopper for some phenomenal decorators.
GFY: How did you get involved with this project specifically?
JEFFREY: I was approached by the line producer, Chip Vucelich, who is someone I had worked with a couple of times prior. Chip has been a great friend and colleague, and has been a champion of mine in a business where many folks can be hesitant to stick their necks out for someone.
AMBER: A producer that I had worked with previously recommended me to Chip Vucelich.
GFY: Could you take us through a typical day at the office? I’m sure it varies at different points in production. What are some of the major duties that you have during a project, and at what point in pre-production do you come on board? Are you putting out day-to-day fires during the shoots, too, or are you always looking ahead to the next episodes?
JEFFREY: There is no typical day at the office. I think that what makes doing what we do appealing. The days do change dramatically depending on what point we are at in production, and also, each project is very different. I am one of the first people they hire – very early on in the process. Creating the permanent sets and scouting for the major locations takes time, so they generally bring me in anywhere from 6 to 9 weeks ahead of shooting.
We try like hell not to have to put out fires on “the day of” on set. Our job is to be two or three steps ahead of everyone else. Communication is key. Emergencies do occur, but we have a talented professional staff that specializes in knocking curveballs out of the park. Any time the shooting company arrives at a new set for the first time, Amber and I will “Open Set” – which means everything is done and looks amazing. We generally stay long enough that the director and actors have had time to rehearse the scene. If we’ve done our jobs right, everyone is happy, they finish rehearsal and we get the hell out of dodge because we’ve got a bunch more sets to get ready. We don’t hang around while they’re shooting except in specific instances when an element of the set needs to change mid-shooting. If we’ve really done our job well on location, most of the shooting company doesn’t even realize the work we’ve done. They often think it was like that before we got there.
And, yes, we are ALWAYS looking ahead. Often looking further ahead than the producers – which, most of the time, is greatly appreciated by them.
AMBER: During prep (before filming), it’s mostly finding all the right items — whether it’s at prop houses, furniture stores, thrift shops, and even scouring online for the perfect pieces. Some days you are driving all around LA, other days you have production meetings, location scouts, and meetings with the director. Budgeting is a huge part of this job. You have to determine whether to buy or rent, because no matter what the project is, there are financial constraints. Right before the shooting starts, you then shift into a phase of pulling it all together, creating something that tells the story.
GFY: How much freedom do you have to make artistic decisions? Does everything have to be signed off on, or do you have creative latitude? (I’m sure this probably also varies from production to production.) We’d love to hear how the vision for this kind of show gets hammered out.
JEFFREY: As far as artistic freedom, that can vary dramatically depending on the personalities involved. This is a collaborative art — which is what makes it great. Having said that, if they hire you, they are buying into a certain amount of trust in your style and aesthetic. They don’t have the time to sweat the details like we do, so ultimately we bring a lot to the table. When designing the architecture of the sets, I have to consider the blocking of the scene and staging of actors and camera, so, yes, before we start building I generally seek a buy-off from the director and producers for the basic ground plan of the sets. Depending on the sets, I will also provide research reference and even a perspective rendering of the proposed set. This may or may not include swatches of fabric and paint chips – again, each situation is different. Ryan Murphy is very clear — if he doesn’t like something you show him, he’ll let you know.
The vision for this show starts with research. LOTS and LOTS of research. Some of which was really not easy to come by. And there tend to be a LOT of gaps to fill in. Francesca Galesi is a researcher I’ve used in the past, and she was tremendous help finding nuggets of research in the beginning that I would never have found on my own. Maren Brown, our art department coordinator, was also massively involved in the research throughout the whole project. I’d never have survived without her tireless efforts.
The vision then evolves, of course — whether it’s to make things more cinematic, or to take the edge of of some of the more garish 90’s details that would distract the contemporary viewer from the scene. The DA’s office, for instance, had all the surfaces and architectural details off the real thing, but we reformatted the layout to make it more cinematic.
AMBER: I have a lot of creative freedom. But you don’t want to surprise anyone on the day of shooting. For that reason I take photos of everything I plan to deliver to the set.